There are a number of things that make up improvising. One is the theory, another listening to tracks, another practicing licks, another intelligently approaching your soloing, seeking out ideas and integrating theory with practice. This is all you are doing.

You want to work on Aural now - alluded to in my previous posts. Here is an idea. Take just a couple of changes - ones you sometimes trip over, or perhaps make it into a progression that can cycle around itself - something typical from the jazz standards, something simple where you are comfortable with the chords and scales and jazz voicings. Run a slow tempo and practice with your eyes closed. And listen. You can change the tempo and feel if you like. Keep it simple.

I think you have spent too much time in your head with theory and knowledge - thinking this will produce solos. It is actually quite a way from how they occur. You just need to DO. Of course it takes a while, but you have to keep on Doing.

The first progression I used was Dm - G7. Simply repeating that over and over again and coming up with licks…. and more and more. If you are comfortable with this, then change the changes. But DO the soloing. Amend the progression to what you stumble on. Make 4 bar cycles. If you want to record yourself just playing some simple comping to solo against. You know. Now just practice. And if you like a lick you come up with, stop and practice that idea so it comes naturally… then continue. Do not try to recall licks you have studied. This is recall, not improvisation. I never recite poetry when I am having a casual conversation with anyone. It is not about memorization. You need to develop an aural skill, which comes from just doing it, and being very patient.

You mention children learning to speak. Remember they knew no grammar rules, no transitive verbs, no spelling. They just gave it a go word by word, then put a few together, then more. Then sentences. The understanding of linguistics comes much later.

Be easy on yourself. It is meant to be fun so make it so. Take your guitar, sit under a tree, just close your eyes and doodle - for hours, without a thought to theory, circle of fifths, modes, alt changes. Just doodle. Work on the aural, the sound, the connections of those sounds to others (notes to others.)
Be patient.